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What is it about ?
The face is composed of several bones: the cheekbones under the eyes, the sockets, the upper jaw and the lower jaw. These bones can break separately or together. The main causes of facial fractures are violence, sports accidents and traffic accidents. The back of the eye socket can also break following a blow to the eyeball, for example with fist or bullet.
How to recognize them?
Facial fractures can cause swelling and tissue displacement. They can be responsible for a modification of the expression of the face and cause disorders of the seen, of the’smell and speech as well as breathing difficulties which can be dangerous.
A distinction is made between the fracture of the cheekbone, the fracture of the orbit, the fracture of the upper jaw and the fracture of the lower jaw. It could be a fracture of one of these bones or fractures of several bones at the same time.
In case of cheekbone fracture, swelling often appears below the eye socket and on both sides of the eye socket. Sometimes the bone is sunk. If the eye socket is also broken, you can sometimes feel a “staircase” shift at the edge of the eye. The eyeball may be abnormal, sometimes with double vision (diplopia) due to difficulty in directing the gaze up, down or to the side. Sometimes you can’t open your mouth properly. The skin around the injury (upper jaw, side of nose, upper lip, and gums) is usually less sensitive.
It happens that a orbit fracture does not cause symptoms. There may be a bleeding from the white of the eye. Looking up or down is painful, and sometimes we see double. The eyeball can be moved backwards; the eye then seems deeper in the orbit. The skin is less sensitive.
A upper jaw fracture is accompanied by significant swelling and large bruises (bruises) in the middle of the face. The teeth of the upper jaw and those of the lower jaw no longer fit together properly, and the upper jaw may be unstable. Here too, the skin has lost its sensitivity.
In case of lower jaw fracture, movements of the lower jaw are painful, the opening of the mouth is restricted, and teeth no longer fit together properly. Often some teeth are unstable. The lower jaw and the mucous membranes of the mouth are swollen and bruised. The sensation of the lower lip, lower jaw, lower teeth and gums is disturbed. Bleeding may appear in the ear canal.
How is the diagnosis made?
The doctor will examine the symmetry of the face and feel all the bones in the face. He will examine the sensitivity of the skin and the mobility of the jaw and eyes. The diagnosis will be confirmed on an x-ray or on a CT scan.
What can you do ?
Make a statement in the event of an act of violence. The local police have staff who specialize in domestic violence. There is also a victim support service within social assistance centers (CAS).
You will find more information on the websites www.ecouteviolencesconjugales.be,www.cpvcf.org and https://www.police.be/fr. In an emergency, you can always call the number 112.
What can the doctor do?
Fractures that have disruptive aesthetic or functional consequences must be treated quickly and correctly, otherwise recovery can take an unnecessarily long time. Facial repair takes place during a specialized operation, often by means of plates and screws in titanium. Before proceeding with the procedure, you sometimes have to wait until the swelling has largely disappeared.
In the event of a jaw fracture, the jaw should be fixed. Since you cannot chew or bite for a while, it is advisable to take the food in liquid form.
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