What is it about ?
Synovial fluid is the fluid that is in the joint. A buildup of fluid in the joint usually causes the joint to swell. The causes can be very diverse. This patient guide does not talk about bleeding.
The causes of fluid buildup in the joint are:
- rheumatoid arthritis,
- drop,
- infections,
- osteoarthritis,
- knee trauma (for example meniscus injury),
- etc.
A synovial fluid test can help distinguish between these causes, make the correct diagnosis, and suggest appropriate treatment.
How do I know if there is a problem?
The joint is very swollen, the swelling and pain limit mobility. Redness and warmth indicate the presence of inflammation.
How is the diagnosis made?
A puncture is done to remove a small amount of fluid from the joint. Then, we carry out a whole series of examinations on this liquid:
- A drop is applied and colored on a coverslip: we can see the different types of cells and count them under a microscope.
- A sample is used to culture the possible bacteria that are causing the infection. If we find a bacteria, we can test which antibiotic is effective in fighting that microorganism.
- Another sample is used to identify and count the different types of white blood cells. First, an anticoagulant is added to prevent clots from forming. It is thus possible to distinguish infections caused by bacteria from those caused by viruses.
- Finally, we look for crystals in a last sample. This is especially important for detecting gout.
What can you do ?
Resting, elevating the limb, and applying ice to the affected joint will relieve the pain. See a doctor if symptoms persist and / or if you have a fever.
What can your doctor do?
The doctor can aspirate the fluid in the joint with a hollow needle (puncture), which will already provide some relief. Further treatment will depend on the cause of the problem.
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