Updated at 6:27 p.m.
(Washington) By announcing the possible deployment of thousands of American soldiers to reinforce NATO troops, Joe Biden markedly increased the pressure on Moscow on Monday, while the United States and the Europeans displayed their cohesion in the face of the threat of a Russian attack on Ukraine.
The United States has placed up to 8,500 military personnel on alert. That means they could be ready in five days to reinforce the military alliance’s Rapid Reaction Force, made up of 40,000 troops, the Pentagon said on Monday.
“No decision has been made on the deployment of forces outside the United States for the moment,” however, said his spokesperson.
NATO, for its part, has announced that it will place forces on standby and send ships and combat aircraft to strengthen its defenses in Eastern Europe.
PHOTO MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF UKRAINE, ASSOCIATED PRESS
Ukrainian soldiers using an American Javelin missile launcher during military exercises in the Donetsk region
The American president is trying to tip the balance of power established by his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, in his favor by massing troops and equipment on the Ukrainian border.
Joe Biden had a videoconference of just under an hour and a half on Monday with several European leaders, whom this mounting pressure from the Americans seemed to take aback.
“Unanimity”
He praised the “total unanimity” between Americans and Europeans shortly after the end of this meeting, which was attended by Emmanuel Macron, the German Chancellor, Olaf Scholz, the Italian Prime Minister, Mario Draghi, the NATO Secretary General, Jens Stoltenberg, Polish President Andrzej Duda, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, European Council President Charles Michel and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.
According to a statement from the White House, the leaders “underscored their common desire for a diplomatic resolution”, but also spoke of their “preparations to impose massive consequences and severe economic costs on Russia” in the event of invasion, and their objective of “strengthening security on NATO’s eastern front”.
The participants “were all of the opinion that it is up to Russia to undertake visible initiatives of de-escalation”, commented for his part the German Chancellor, assuring that Moscow would suffer “very heavy consequences” in the event of invasion.
In unison, Jens Stoltenberg spoke in a tweet of “severe costs” in the event of “new aggression” against Ukraine.
“Volatility”
The Europeans had previously seemed wary of the increasingly tough rhetoric and decisions of the United States, which, for example, decided to remove the families of diplomats stationed in Kiev, an initiative followed by London and Canberra.
France, which currently assumes command of NATO’s Rapid Reaction Force, called for “not to create ambiguity, additional volatility”.
The head of European diplomacy, Josep Borrell, invited not to “dramatize”.
The Ukrainian authorities have also deemed Washington’s decision concerning their diplomatic representation “premature” and “excessive”.
Moscow denounced “hysteria” and accused the United States and NATO “of exacerbating tensions through announcements and concrete actions”.
Along with this rise in pressure, Westerners continue despite everything to explore the diplomatic path.
According to a European source, a new meeting would thus be planned between the American Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, and his Russian counterpart, Sergei Lavrov.
PHOTO KAY NIETFELD, AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE ARCHIVES
Antony Blinken, United States Secretary of State
The United States has promised a written response to Russian requests. During the interview with Joe Biden, the French president stressed “the importance of the European Union being able to play its full part” in this response, according to a press release from the Élysée.
In this text, which, unlike that of the Americans, does not expressly mention NATO, France insists on the need to continue diplomatic efforts.
French President Emmanuel Macron wants to offer “a path of de-escalation” to his Russian counterpart during an interview “in the coming days”.
Russia demands a written commitment on the non-enlargement of NATO to Ukraine and Georgia and demands a withdrawal of the forces and armaments of the Atlantic Alliance from the countries of Eastern Europe which have joined the NATO after 1997, notably from Romania and Bulgaria. “Non-negotiable” demands for Westerners.
Gas and Oil
In the event of an invasion, Westerners have assured that they are preparing sanctions of unprecedented severity.
Reducing gas and oil purchases, which represent 43% and 20% of EU supplies respectively, and which largely finance the Russian budget, is on the table, a European source told AFP. but the subject divides the European Union.
A big unknown remains the position of the very young German coalition government in the event of an escalation with Russia. Berlin refuses to deliver weapons to Ukraine, unlike the United States, to the chagrin of Kiev.
On the American side, Joe Biden plans to prohibit Russian banks from using the dollar, the queen currency of international trade, which would deal a very serious blow to finance and the real economy of the country.