The constitutional bill modifying the electoral body in New Caledonia, at the origin of the riots in the French archipelago in the South Pacific, was “suspended” by President Emmanuel Macron on Wednesday following the dissolution of the Assembly national.
“I decided to suspend it because we cannot leave ambiguity in the period,” announced the head of state during a press conference in Paris. He specified that he wanted to “give all its strength to dialogue on site and a return to order”.
The reform project, which from May 13 triggered unprecedented violence since the 1980s on the “Caillou”, aims to expand the electorate – frozen since 2007 – for provincial elections, crucial in the territory.
These riots left nine dead, hundreds injured and significant damage, according to the latest official report.
Under the terms of the reform project, around 25,000 voters, natives or residents for 10 years, could join the electoral list, at the risk of marginalizing the indigenous Kanak people, accuse the separatists.
After the votes of the Senate on April 2 and the National Assembly on May 14, the project still had to be adopted by the Parliament meeting in Congress in Versailles.
But on Sunday, Mr. Macron responded to the historic victory of the far right in the European elections by announcing a surprise dissolution of the National Assembly, and the calling of legislative elections which will take place on June 30 and July 7.
Peace, “absolute priority”
Outgoing Macronist MP Philippe Dunoyer welcomed Emmanuel Macron’s “good decision” to AFP.
“It is very, very urgent […] to find a climate of appeasement, for the roadblocks to be lifted, for the threads of dialogue to be found again,” added the elected official, a candidate for re-election. “The top priority is not to campaign […], is to restore peace. »
The independence camp did not react immediately. But, in recent days, he had already drawn a line under the reform.
“The president has lost his hand, it is we who have it now and we say that we must go towards provincial elections with a frozen body,” judged Daniel Goa, president of the main independence party, the Caledonian Union (UC).
“We can agree together that the European elections will have overcome constitutional law,” wrote the Kanak Liberation Party (Palika) earlier on Wednesday. This moderate independence movement also called for “lifting the roadblocks and blockades”.
Macron or Le Pen, “it won’t change much”
The scenario of a return of the text to parliamentarians after the legislative elections of June 30 and July 7 seems very improbable.
“In theory, it would be entirely possible to be able to continue the constitutional revision process later, once the National Assembly is again constituted,” noted Léa Havard, lecturer in public law at the University of New -Caledonia.
“We could imagine adopting this constitutional revision at the end of July or in August, even if it mentions an entry into force at the beginning of July,” she continues. “From a strictly legal point of view, it is not impossible. But from a political point of view, it doesn’t really make sense. »
In any case, the separatist Daniel Goa does not seem perturbed by the possibility that his next interlocutor will be the National Rally (RN), in the event of this formation’s victory in the next legislative elections, or even in the presidential election.
“Whether it’s Macron or Le Pen, it won’t change much. […] Le Pen does not scare us, they are nationalists. We are also nationalists, but in our country. This is not the case for Macron,” he says.
The RN recently reviewed its entire Caledonian doctrine: while its figurehead, Marine Le Pen, considered “final” the result of the third referendum on independence in 2021 – boycotted by the separatists, who do not recognize the victory for “no” — in May she suggested a new consultation within “forty years”.