What is it about ?
Hallux is the Latin word for the big toe. Hallux valgus corresponds to an abnormal position of the big toe: the bone of the forefoot which articulates with the big toe (first metatarsal bone) is deviated inwards, while the toe moves towards outside (= valgus position). This position creates a bump on the inner side of the foot, at the base of the big toe. This bump is sometimes referred to as a bunion.
A hallux valgus is caused by anatomical and mechanical abnormalities of the big toe and the first metatarsal.
The risk factors are female sex, genetic predisposition (heredity) and overweight.
The condition is relatively more common in diseases with joint inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
The spontaneous evolution of hallux valgus is unknown. The condition usually develops on one side, but can then affect both sides. The growth of the growth and symptoms are rapid in some, while the condition remains asymptomatic in others.
What is its frequency?
Hallux valgus is a common condition, affecting about 1 in 3 people over the age of 30. Its frequency increases with age. Women are 7 times more affected than men.
How to recognize it?
Hallux valgus is associated with pain and inflammation in the joint between the big toe and the first metatarsal. Thickening of the skin (callus), blisters and sores on the bunion may appear. Moving the foot, ankle and / or leg can be painful. The other toes may also experience secondary deformity (hammer toes).
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis of hallux valgus is easily posed, on the occasion of a simple clinical examination. The doctor will ask you questions about the problems you have, for example difficulty in walking, pain and difficulty in finding suitable shoes. During the examination, he will pay particular attention to the shape and position of the feet.
The doctor may order an x-ray to assess the severity of the hallux valgus (degree of deviation). In addition, the X-rays will eventually allow him to identify an underlying condition, such as osteoarthritis.
What can you do ?
Buy shoes that fit well, are wide enough and provide sufficient support. If the bunion is inflamed, you can apply ice to relieve the pain and swelling.
What can your doctor do?
Often the doctor will first suggest a simple treatment:
- shoe advice;
- exercises to keep the mobility of the foot joint;
- orthopedic insoles to correct the position of the valgus, if necessary.
Surgery is not necessary for symptomless hallux valgus. But when the hallux valgus is severe, causes severe pain in the bunion and the usual measures do not bring any improvement, the doctor will refer you to an orthopedist for surgery.
The results of the intervention are good to excellent in 8 to 9 cases out of 10. The intervention is generally followed by incapacity for work of 3 to 6 weeks. Further treatment depends on the procedure performed.
You can start the big toe rehabilitation exercises as soon as the sutures are removed. The first weeks after the operation, it is advisable to lean on the outside of the foot so as not to put too much strain on the big toe and forefoot.
Despite the operation, wearing pointy shoes will generally remain impossible.
Want to know more?
- Hallux valgus x-ray (image) – Larousse
- The radiography, here, Where to find on this page of Cliniques St Luc UCL
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