Greenlanders are focused on independence as they approach legislative elections, with the timeline for separating from Danish rule being a central issue. The interest from U.S. President Donald Trump in acquiring Greenland has energized the independence movement among its residents. Political parties differ on whether to pursue a rapid or gradual path to sovereignty. Economic stability and local challenges, such as high suicide rates and reliance on Danish aid, complicate the debate surrounding independence aspirations.
The quest for independence is at the forefront of Greenlanders’ minds as they head to the polls on Tuesday. A key focus of the upcoming legislative elections is determining the timeline for breaking free from Danish rule, all while navigating the complex geopolitical landscape involving figures like Donald Trump.
The persistent interest from the American president in acquiring Greenland has invigorated the independence movement among the territory’s 57,000 residents, many of whom express a desire to identify as Greenlandic rather than Danish or American.
“Donald Trump’s actions have rekindled discussions around independence,” states political scientist Maria Ackrén from the University of Greenland. “This issue is not new for us, but it has now provided Greenlandic leaders with an opportunity to pursue goals that previously seemed out of reach,” she adds.
As a result, the independence debate has taken center stage in the electoral discourse, joining critical issues such as education, social welfare, fishing—which accounts for 90% of the island’s exports—and tourism.
Nearly all political factions advocate for the vast, icy expanse, which is 50 times larger than Denmark yet sparsely populated, to establish its own governance.
The skyline of Nuuk, the capital, marked by construction cranes, highlights a rapid modernization that has left parts of the predominantly Inuit population, traditionally reliant on hunting and fishing, feeling vulnerable.
Visible social challenges are underscored by alarming statistics: one of the highest suicide rates globally, a higher number of abortions than births, and a life expectancy of under 70 years for men paint a stark picture of the current situation.
The Independence Debate: Fast Track or Long Game?
While the desire for sovereignty resonates broadly, the competing political parties vying for the 31 parliamentary seats differ significantly on the timeline for independence: should it be a ‘fast track’ approach or a more gradual process?
Among the more eager advocates for swift action is the nationalist party Naleraq, which gained visibility during the campaign and secured 12% of the vote in the last election in 2021. “The global interest, not only from the U.S. but worldwide, plays in our favor,” asserts Juno Berthelsen, one of the party’s leading candidates. “I believe we could see independence within one or two electoral cycles, but it largely depends on the negotiations with Denmark,” he explains.
Having been colonized by Denmark over three centuries ago, Greenland achieved autonomy in 1979; however, it still lacks control over critical areas like foreign affairs and defense. Since a 2009 law, Greenlanders have the ability to initiate the independence process, necessitating negotiations with Copenhagen that must ultimately be approved by a local referendum and a vote in the Danish Parliament.
Economic Viability vs. Aspirations for Freedom
The two parties currently in power, Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA), a left-green party led by Prime Minister Mute Egede, and Siumut, a social-democratic party, generally favor a more measured approach. They argue that the territory must first attain a degree of economic stability, particularly given that approximately €530 million in annual aid from Denmark constitutes one-fifth of Greenland’s GDP.
“Discussions about independence are always relevant, and while it is a significant goal for many, it may take 10, 20 years, or even longer,” remarks Aaja Chemnitz, an IA member and one of Greenland’s representatives in the Danish Parliament. “It’s vital to focus on Greenland’s economic development and pursue sustainability,” she adds.
Erik Jensen, the leader of Siumut and current Minister of Finance, expresses frustration that the independence conversation often overshadows pressing local concerns like health care, education, and childcare. “While independence is crucial to our agenda, the daily lives of our people are what truly matter,” he emphasizes.
In the breezy streets of Nuuk, opinions on independence fluctuate between aspiration and practical consideration. “Certainly, we want to be free from Denmark, as we often feel like second-class citizens,” shares entrepreneur Peter Jensen. Yet, he acknowledges that the metropolis has kept the territory in a “prison” of sorts through its subsidies.
The potential for tapping into the island’s mineral resources, frequently touted as a financial game-changer, remains largely undeveloped at this stage. “We must prioritize becoming self-sufficient in food and fuel, as we currently rely heavily on imports,” asserts Ole Moeller, a transport executive. “However, with the current global situation, safety and stability remain a concern,” he notes.