Better fight against calls for murder, pedophile images, disinformation campaigns or counterfeit products… The EU concluded new “historic” legislation on Saturday to bring order to the Far West of the Internet.
The text, discussed for almost a year and a half, must make the very large digital platforms, such as Facebook (Meta) or Amazon, responsible, by forcing them to remove illegal content and to cooperate with the authorities.
“This agreement is historic”, welcomed the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, on Twitter. “Our new rules will protect users online, ensure freedom of expression and opportunities for businesses. »
The Digital Services Act (DSA) is one of the two parts of a major plan presented in December 2020 by the Commissioner for Competition, Margrethe Vestager, and her counterpart in the Internal Market, Thierry Breton.
The first part, the Digital Markets Act (DMA), which tackles anti-competitive practices, was concluded at the end of March.
The DSA updates the e-commerce directive, born 20 years ago when the giant platforms were still embryonic. Objective: to put an end to areas of lawlessness and abuse on the Internet.
The excesses of social networks have often hit the headlines. Assassination of history professor Samuel Paty in France, after a hate campaign in October 2020, assault of demonstrators on the Capitol in the United States in January 2021, partly planned thanks to Facebook and Twitter…
The dark side of the Internet also concerns sales platforms invaded by counterfeit or defective products, which can be dangerous, such as children’s toys that do not meet safety standards.
The new regulation stipulates the obligation to “promptly” remove any illegal content (according to national and European laws) as soon as a platform becomes aware of it. It forces social networks to suspend users who “frequently” violate the law.
The DSA will oblige online sales sites to verify the identity of their suppliers before offering their products.
It prohibits misleading interfaces (“dark pattern”) that push Internet users towards certain account settings or certain paid services.
” Before it’s too late “
At the heart of the project are new obligations imposed on “very large platforms”, those with “more than 45 million active users” in the EU, i.e. around twenty companies, the list of which remains to be determined. but which will include GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft), as well as Twitter, and perhaps TikTok or Booking.
These players must themselves assess the risks associated with the use of their services and put in place the appropriate means to remove problematic content. They will be imposed increased transparency on their data and recommendation algorithms.
They will be audited once a year by independent bodies and placed under the supervision of the European Commission, which may impose fines of up to 6% of their annual sales in the event of repeated infringements.
In particular, the DSA prohibits the use of data on political opinions for the purpose of advertising targeting.
This text “is a world first in terms of digital regulation”, underlined in a press release the Council of the EU, which represents the 27 Member States of the Union. It “enshrines the principle that what is illegal offline must also be illegal online”.
Former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had asked the EU on Thursday evening to adopt this new legislation to “support global democracy before it is too late”. “For too long, tech platforms have amplified misinformation and extremism without accountability,” she said.
“History on the move! For the first time, the public will be able to ask independent questions about the operation” of the platforms, rejoiced the American whistleblower Frances Haugen, who had denounced the passivity of Facebook in the face of the nuisances of its social networks. “Go to the United States, now it’s our turn,” she added, believing that the DSA could become a reference for other countries.
In the context of the war in Ukraine, lawmakers added “a crisis response mechanism” to take “proportionate and effective” action against very large platforms that would contribute to disinformation campaigns, said the European Council.
For its part, the lobby of the big digital companies CCIA estimated on Saturday that “a certain number of important details” had to be “clarified”, so that “the final legislation allows all companies, large and small, to comply with the rules in practice”.