(United Nations) Between 2019 and 2021, 67 million children were completely or partially deprived of life-saving vaccines due to disruptions related to COVID-19, setting the world back more than 10 years in terms of childhood vaccination, s alarm the UN.
In three years, due to constraints on health systems or pandemic-related lockdowns, “more than a decade of progress in routine childhood immunizations has been undermined”, and “recovering the right path will be a challenge, ”underlines the UNICEF report published on Wednesday, which is worried about the risk of epidemics of measles or polio.
According to the UN agency, this vaccination coverage is down in 112 countries. And between 2019 and 2021, the global childhood immunization rate fell by 5 percentage points, to 81%, a level not seen since 2008: 67 million children missed out on vaccines, particularly in Africa and South Asia, and 48 million of them received no dose of any kind.
A situation all the more worrying as this decline occurred at the end of a decade when “the growth of childhood vaccination was stagnating”, after the massive increase in the 1980s, underlines the UN agency.
“Vaccines have played a really important role in enabling children to live long, healthy lives,” so “any decline in vaccination rates is worrying,” report editor Brian Keeley told AFP. .
Immunizing children thus saves 4.4 million lives each year, UNICEF points out, a number that could rise to 5.8 million if the world managed to halve the number of children deprived of essential vaccines and to achieve 90% coverage for key life-saving vaccines.
Before the introduction of the vaccine in 1963, measles killed some 2.6 million people a year, mostly children. A figure dropped to 128,000 in 2021 for this disease which today is of particular concern to the UN.
In three years, the vaccination rate against measles — so contagious that it requires 95% vaccinations in a community to achieve herd immunity — has dropped from 86% to 81%, according to the report. And the number of measles cases doubled in 2022 compared to 2021.
Falling confidence
The fall in the vaccination rate, similar for polio, diphtheria or whooping cough, is also occurring in a broader context of the “survival crisis” of children, notes UNICEF, highlighting an overlapping of crises (malnutrition, impacts climate change, poverty, etc.)
“It is increasingly difficult for health systems and governments to meet the need for vaccinations,” said Brian Keeley.
To improve vaccination coverage, however, it is necessary to “strengthen primary health care and provide front-line personnel, mostly women, with the resources and support they need”, insists UNICEF.
Not to mention the 67 million children deprived of vaccines during COVID-19 who will fall out of the age group targeted by vaccinations, pleads Mr. Keeley, calling for them for a “determined program of catch-up”.
At the same time, while the debates around COVID-19 have put anti-vaccines back in the spotlight, the report worries about a drop in confidence in vaccination in 52 out of 55 countries studied.
“These data are a worrying warning signal,” UNICEF boss Catherine Russell warned in a statement.
“Trust in routine immunization must not be a casualty of the pandemic as well, or large numbers of children will soon die of measles, diphtheria or other diseases. avoidable”.
In half of these 55 countries, “notoriously changing” vaccine confidence remains above 80%, however, tempers UNICEF.
And despite this mistrust, “there is reason to be optimistic that services are resuming in a number of countries,” said Brian Keeley, referring to “encouraging” preliminary data for vaccinations in 2022.
But “even if we manage to get back to where we were before the pandemic, hopefully in a few years”, progress will still have to be made to vaccinate those who were deprived of their injections already before COVID-19, insists he.