(Montreal) Artificial intelligence software deployed by the CIUSSS de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal would be able to personalize users’ menus based on their preferences, aversions and specific nutritional needs.
The technology also reduces the risk of errors in terms of allergies, cross-contamination and other food incidents, it is assured.
The software has been deployed gradually, since June 2023 and after almost ten years of work, in the Lakeshore, Saint Mary’s and Lasalle hospitals, as well as in the Nazaire-Piché and Denis-Benjamin Viger CHSLDs. It could now be deployed in other establishments.
“There will always be human intervention,” said Debby Berteau, who is a research officer in the nutrition component. “But the goal is to improve the offer while limiting interactions.”
If a user is entitled to a cake for dessert, she cites as an example, the software will take care of calculating the carbohydrate content, “which allows us to offer more variety, […] we no longer see only the foods that are permitted or prohibited.” This also has the advantage of freeing technicians or nutritionists from these tasks.
It would be difficult to do the same thing manually, said Marie-Hélène Cyr, who is a nutritionist in a consulting role, since “it would take a lot of resources.”
“We would need a dietitian who would manually do calculations to know, OK this client needs 60 grams of carbohydrates at each meal,” she explained. “She would have to calculate, and then if there is an aversion or a preference, it changes her calculations. Everything depends on the offer in the menu, we would have to recalculate every day. We would never have enough staff to do what the computer does for us right now.”
The project “introduces a new approach to nutritional prescription,” it was explained by email, an approach that is “based on a description of needs rather than on predefined diagnoses.”
Officials say the software is able to automatically adjust the foods offered, thereby increasing variety and user satisfaction while respecting their dietary restrictions.
They indicate, for example, that artificial intelligence makes it possible to offer 61 additional foods for a potassium-restricted diet. A menu calibrated in potassium, it is specified, offers on average 1800 kcal and 75 g of protein, compared to the 1750 kcal and 70 g of protein of traditional diets.
The program would also increase the variety of foods offered, since the calibrated menus would include 16% more foods available. For users requiring several restrictions, it is added, the menu now provides 1775 kcal instead of 1400 kcal, an increase of 25%.
Functioning
Dietetic technicians first collect users’ food preferences and aversions, as well as their specific nutritional needs. The software is then configured with food nutritional values, recipes and standardized serving sizes.
Artificial intelligence then automatically adjusts menus based on the data collected, without requiring manual intervention. Any changes to the nutritional values of foods or recipes are automatically taken into account by the system.
The Lakeshore General Hospital already had, several years ago, a computer program to supervise and manage certain facets of users’ nutrition. It was on this basis that work began in 2014 which then accelerated in 2019 and which led to the current tool.
“It requires a lot of data in the background that must be accurate in the computer system,” explained M.me Cyr. And now we’ll have to keep them up to date.”
Personalization
Menu customization would now be faster and more accurate, reducing the need for manual corrections. Users would therefore receive foods adapted to their restrictions, with fewer risks to their health.
Faced with a diabetic user, Mr.me Cyr for example, “we had to ensure that the total carbohydrates at each meal were not too high”.
“We had to remove the cake for everyone,” she said. No one, who is diabetic, could receive cake at all times. This (almost) never happened. But now, if my target for dinner is 75 grams (of carbohydrates) and the tray total allows it and I have plenty of space left, that night the person will be able to eat cake for dinner. »
And as the clientele served is increasingly older, added Mme Cyr, malnutrition often becomes a factor that must be taken into account. A contradiction then arose: as much as we wanted to give the user foods rich in protein and energy, we often had to remove these foods because of the diabetic menu that he had to follow.
“Now we can meet both of those needs,” she said. “We can make sure that all the caloric values are met, but also that we respect the total carbohydrates at each meal. So we increase the variety at each meal and people are more eager to eat.”
The project was first deployed on a single floor of the Lakeshore General Hospital, recalled Mr.me Berteau. Users who were hospitalized on this floor were quick to express their dissatisfaction when they were transferred elsewhere and lost access to this personalized menu, she explained.
“Patients did not want to return to the exceptions that were defended,” said Mr.me Berteau. They wanted to keep the new diet which had more variety. They no longer wanted the old regime which they found too restrictive. »
It was still necessary to educate and reassure patients who suddenly saw foods appear in front of them that they were not used to and that they even believed were forbidden, said Mr.me Cyr.
We also had to take the time to show the employees concerned, who were wondering what impact the new system would have on their work, the advantages they would gain from it, added Mme Berteau, but also the benefits for users.
“There was some reluctance at first because it was a change in practices, but we learned from our previous experiences and we worked (with employees) to find solutions,” she said. Employees contributed solutions, so it made deployment easier. »
The employees eventually discovered, Mr.me Cyr, that the new system did not take away work from them, quite the contrary. Instead, it allowed them to focus on users with more complex needs, and in the end, “we had more users who were better fed.”