Antibiotic resistant genes in the clouds? This is the astonishing discovery made by a team of Quebec and French researchers, and which makes it possible to better document a worrying public health phenomenon which is claiming more and more victims.
Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health problem and could even become one of the leading causes of death worldwide by 2050. The growing use of antibiotics in various spheres of activity, including the treatment of infections and animal production, is obviously at the origin of the phenomenon, which “has now reached dangerously high levels in all regions of the world”, estimates the World Health Organization (WHO).
Like the microplastics that we now find almost everywhere in the environment, even at the top of Everest, antibiotic-resistant genes are multiplying in the oceans, in waterways and in the soil. We now know that there are some in the clouds, thanks to the work of a team of researchers from Laval University and Clermont Auvergne University in France.
“This is the first study to demonstrate that clouds harbor antibiotic resistance genes,” explains Florent Rossi, first author of the study and postdoctoral fellow who is part of the research team of Professor Caroline Duchaine from the Laval University. The study was published in the journal Science of the Total Environment.
“These genes are found in bacteria which are found on the surface of the Earth or in the oceans. We wanted to check if there were also clouds in the clouds”, specifies the researcher in an interview with The Press.
Method
The scientists took cloud samples from an atmospheric research station located 1,465m above sea level on the summit of Puy de Dôme, a dormant volcano in France’s Massif Central. The analyzes determined that there were an average of 8,000 bacteria per milliliter of cloud water.
By pushing the analyzes further, it was also possible to establish that the clouds contained an average of 20,800 copies of genes resistant to antibiotics per milliliter of water. It should be noted that more genes used in animal production are found in continental clouds than in oceanic clouds. The study measured the concentration of 29 antibiotic-resistant gene subtypes.
There are less [de gènes résistants aux antibiotiques dans les nuages] than in nature, but these are nevertheless concentrations that are not negligible.
Florent Rossi, first author of the study
Can these genes survive in the clouds? As the clouds move, can these genes then be transmitted and intensify the problem of intolerance to antibiotics?
These issues will need to be addressed, says Rossi. The team would also like to be able to identify the emission sources of these genes in order to possibly better limit their dissemination.
“This subject was not documented before. The good news is that we will now have a point of comparison in the future to determine if it will increase. »
Remember that every year, tens of thousands of tons of antibiotics are used to treat and prevent human, animal and plant diseases, according to WHO estimates. Due to greater resistance to antibiotics, it is becoming more difficult to treat many infectious diseases.
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- Between 5 and 50%
- Proportion of bacteria found in clouds by the research team that could be alive and potentially active
Source: Laval University
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- 12
- Number of cloud sampling sessions conducted by researchers over a two-year period
Source: Laval University