Faced with the inexorable rise of renewable energies, “the beginning of the end” of the fossil era is becoming clearer: demand for oil, gas and coal is expected to reach “its peak” within the decade, a horizon that arrives earlier than expected , according to the International Energy Agency (IEA).
“Even without any new climate policies, demand for each of the three fossil fuels is expected to peak in the coming years,” IEA chief Fatih Birol said in an op-ed published Tuesday by the Financial Times.
“This is the first time that a peak in demand has been visible for each of these fuels during the decade”, a deadline which arrives earlier than what was expected by “many people”, he said. added, regarding the new IEA projections which will be detailed in its next annual report in October.
These changes are “primarily driven by the dramatic growth of clean energy technologies”, such as solar panels and the electrification of cars, “structural changes in the Chinese economy” and “the consequences of the global energy crisis” , which have accelerated renewable energies, said Fatih Birol.
The next report World Energy Outlook of the IEA shows that “the world is at the dawn of a historic turning point,” warned the head of the OECD institution based in Paris.
“We are witnessing the beginning of the end of the fossil fuel era and we must prepare for the next era. »
The future of fossil fuels, the essential cause of global warming, is this year at the heart of the debates which will culminate in December at the 28e United Nations climate conference (COP28) in Dubai, where a tough battle between states is expected.
“Competitive” renewable energies
In his column, the head of the IEA believes that these “remarkable changes will bring forward the peak of global greenhouse gas emissions”.
According to a UN Climate report published Friday, humanity must reach the peak of its CO emissions2 by 2025 to tackle the climate crisis.
Until now, the IEA anticipated a peak in global oil demand before the end of the decade, but it now includes, in addition to coal, natural gas.
“The IEA’s advance projections highlight the success of legislation favorable to renewable energies,” analysts from the Royal Bank of Canada commented in a note on Tuesday.
“Despite this, policymakers still have room to accelerate the energy transition and the phase-out of fossil fuels. »
“IEA projections show that although it remains slow, the global energy transition is progressing firmly. With technologies such as wind and solar now cost competitive, the transition is becoming driven by technology and no longer just policy. This is a key element, because it protects the process from political headwinds,” Simone Tagliapietra, expert at the Brussels Bruegel Institute, told AFP.
Certainly, there still remains “a great appetite for liquefied natural gas”, the gas transported by boat to which the world rushed in 2022 after the supply disruptions in the gas pipelines operated by Moscow in the wake of the start of the war in Ukraine.
“But this is necessary to support the gradual elimination of coal in Asia, mainly,” estimates the researcher, while in Europe, the demand for gas “will decrease rapidly”, replaced by renewable energies.
“Gas has long been considered the ‘transition fuel’” promoted by oil and gas companies, “but with the rapid and accelerated deployment of renewable energy, a growing number of countries will simply switch from coal to renewable energy,” he said. esteemed for his part Mike Coffin, head of the oil, gas and mining division within the think tank Carbon Tracker.
“Overall, we could see a peak in all fossil fuels by 2030,” confirmed Mr. Tagliapietra.